The Reasons for Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Reasons for Success - Essay Example Being serious methods fulfilling all the necessities expected to accomplish the result wanted, anyway the real accomplishment may rely upon the degree of seriousness. Seriousness is one of the proportions of qualification as opposed to being an unavoidable component of accomplishment in all circumstances. As characterized before, achievement is about accomplishment of the set objectives. It could be identifying with business, family, work, method of living, examines and so forth. There are obviously a few territories when an individual should be serious for having accomplishment of what he wishes to accomplish, for example, a few tests of serious nature. In any case, nobody is brought into the world as serious. One can build up the necessary competency with persistent difficult work, certainty, steadiness and confidence in self. There are even occasions when serious individuals miss out and karma factor assumes a key job. Consequently, fortune is one factor which can even reason obstructions in the method of serious individuals. Achievement truly relies upon what one is scanning for in his life. On the off chance that you are a chain smoker for around 20 years and you are truly battling to evacuate this propensity for smoking and you can accomplish this, it would be named as progress. One shouldn't be serious for this.

Adam Smith’s American Dream free essay sample

The Whybrow’s article â€Å"Adam Smith’s American Dream: of Desire and Debt† gives a basic survey of the American Dream applied to a contemporary society. The style of composing is account, however is emphatically bolstered by proof. The creator gives significant models, recommendations and contemplations worried to subject examined. The article might be restrictively partitioned into initial sections giving the general data about contemporary American culture and its issues; primary body calling attention deeply issues with respect to Adam Smiths dream implying that individuals are exposed to make obligations; end giving summarizing of the material and author’s individual proposals. The article is valuable for understudies just as researchers and instructor as it gives careful definite assessment of the case with legitimate ends and proposals. (Whybrow 2006) In presentation the creator guarantees that a few Americans despite everything accept that no one can get rich in the nation, however there were numerous tale anecdotes about fortunate people who because of their persevering, right running and wanted has made their blessing from heaven. We will compose a custom article test on Adam Smith’s American Dream or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow says that such stories reflect endeavoring of numerous Americans to better living. In any case, huge numbers of the fantasies are discolored. The creator characterizes the fundamental issue of the cutting edge business thinking about that organizations are excessively whimsical, rushed and they are just benefit driven. As indicated by the creator to be effective intends to resemble perform multiple tasks dynamo. It is summed up that American quick way of life is a genuine wellspring of nervousness, dejections and dissatisfactions as it is hard for normal individuals to endure. The creator describes American life to be brimming with distress and discontent because of innovation improvement. For lion's share of Americans the existence these days is less acceptable. As indicated by various reviews directed it is demonstrated that notwithstanding genuine monetary and political accomplishment of the nation, individuals  work longer possessing along these lines less energy for their families. The creator focuses likewise on American accomplishments, expressing that America is the most extravagant nation in the entire world, however the Americans cravings for materials things are growing. For instance, contemporary places of rich individuals appear to be church buildings and royal residences, though there are individuals who can’t manage the cost of any lodging as a result of absence of cash. The creator underlines the genuine social imbalance believing it to be a genuine hole among society layers. (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow attests that American countries are in the â€Å"orgy of debt†. The family reserve funds tumbled to zero implying that more individuals stay jobless. The article gives applicable inquiries to discover what turns out badly and how the circumstance can be either changed or improved. It is clear that showcase society requires cash which requires work. Whybrow refers to financial specialists who contend that when an individual acquires cash to make a buy, it is a reasonable demonstration. By the by, the creator doesn’t offer such perspective. It is recommended that American culture lead industrialized nation to an individual obligation. It implies that American purchasers are just survivors of corporate misuse. (Whybrow 2006) All things considered, the creator finds the two clarifications referenced above fragmented. He declares that by crediting cash individuals become subjugated to the working environment. They are detained by their fantasies, since want drives obligation. The circumstance might be changed if individuals understand that it is want, not need, drives them to cause obligation so as to remain the ideal material things. Want, as per the creator, is a significant issue of the cutting edge society. Individuals need to control their human impulses and to learn more neurobiology and history to have clear understanding what is going o with them. Adams Smith was a well known educator of good brain research who set out basic standards planned â€Å"the free the personal responsibility of the normal working man†. (Whybrow 2006) Smith’s works were probably going to be the rules of bedrock of the American monetary achievement. Smith gave data how to get by in industrialist nation and to stay empathetic. The writer recommends that smith’s works are significant for understanding the developing distress being experienced by American culture. It is conceded that Smith’s hypothesis depends generally on science of human conduct. All things considered Adam smith was the first to justify the human impulses and wants inside the monetary system. Whybrow refers to Smith contending that contemporary society is driven without anyone else love and personal responsibility to accomplish the ideal results. Most people are dedicated and quick ready to accomplish extraordinary social advantages. Smith declares that it is simply the intuition protection. The basic supplement is the instinctual interest meaning the craving to investigate new places. Accomplishment of market society relies upon individuals’ vote based systems and freedoms just as the opportunity of articulation. Adams summed up the keys to social enhancements proposing they were interest, personal circumstance, self-conservation, material gains and communicated desire. (Whybrow 2006) Whybrow accentuations that Smith’s thoughts were indispensable to the vision of the Founding Fathers. Subsequently Smith’s thoughts discovered down to earth application in American country. It is presumed that American dream these days is altogether amplified by globalization forms, innovation advancements, however social great is given less consideration. The creator gives an end the way to achievement in contemporary America is collection of material riches. It implies that American culture has constructed forceful industrialist framework and in this manner the general public has been significantly changed. (Whybrow 2006) References Whybrow, Peter. (2006). Adam Smith’s American Dream: of Desire and Debt. New York: The City University of New York.

Job Satisfaction for Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations

Question: Talk about theJob Satisfaction for Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations. Answer: The picked subject for the task is work fulfillment. Employment fulfillment is the degree of happiness that the people get while they are into an occupations. It incorporates the variables whether they like their occupations or they are doing it mightily. It incorporates certain conduct parts that are identified with their occupations. It is significant for a person to land fulfilled in their position fields. It tends to be seen by and large that the people face certain issues in their activity fields. They face conduct gives that turns into a worry for the people and they become reluctant to work in the association. At first cash was viewed as the primary factor of fulfillment for the workers (Huang et al. 2016). Later with the cash the activity profile was viewed as one of the most significant part of an occupation. It is significant for the workers to be fulfilled of their occupations. In the event that they can't care for their activity they will always be unable to do equity to the activity. They will need their obligation to serv e the association as they won't have the option to put forth a strong effort. There are numerous models of occupation fulfillment that will be dissected in the conversation territory. It is characteristic of the practices that happen in the associations. Occupation fulfillment is reliant on barely any components like the earth of the working environment, it is subject to the conduct of the directors and the people of the administration (Zablah et al. 2016). There are sure techniques or models of the activity fulfillment out of which the influence hypothesis is a significant hypothesis. The preeminent hypothesis is the influence hypothesis. This is the hypothesis that has been proposed by Edwin A. Locke (Reilly et al. 2014). As indicated by this hypothesis, the principle premise is that by work fulfillment an individual methods what one finds in a line of work and what one needs. The fulfillment and the disappointment of the activity relies on the reality whether the people got the things they needed or whether they didn't get the things they needed in their activity. It fluctuates from one worker to other. For some situation the workers inclines toward independence in the activity and in other case the other representative doesn't like so. This hypothesis additionally uncover the way that abundance measure of specific feature will create more grounded sentiments of disappointment. The sentiments of disappointment becomes more grounded w hen a laborer esteems more the specific feature that is the explanation of his disappointment (Gabriel et al. 2014). The other hypothesis is the dispositional approach hypothesis (Judge et al. 2017). This hypothesis proposes that the people differ in their propensity to be happy with their occupations. The activity fulfillment can be viewed as an individual characteristic. The desire for fulfillment of an individual is a steady procedure. It's anything but an evolving procedure. It stays stable after some time and across different employments and vocations. This models have expressed that as per the examination the indistinguishable twins who was raised separated have same degree of desire for work fulfillment (Korsgaard, Meglino and Call 2015). The other hypothesis incorporates the value hypothesis. As indicated by this hypothesis, the individual perspectives decency concerning the social connections, for example, with a business. In this the individual distinguishes the measure of things picked up from a relationship and contrasts the equivalent and the yield that is the things that is given out. This is done so as to deliver a proportion of yield and info (Lazaroiu 2015). This hypothesis recommends that in the event that there is a disparity between the two people or two social gatherings, the plausible circumstance that the individual can experience is pressure. This is on the grounds that a difference that may happen between the relationship of info and yield. This is clarified better with the assistance of a model. In the event that two representatives have been employed by the organization with a similar activity profile and in the event that one is getting high installment contrasted with the other, the person who is getting less paid will experience the circumstance of trouble in the working environment. In the other circumstance if both the workers gets equivalent compensation, with equivalent duties, the sentiment of value will be kept up that will be solid for the association. The hypothesis has been bolstered numerous clinician, who have thought of different recommendations of the hypothesis. A few analysts opined the way that there are three degree of conduct reaction examples to the circumstances that apparent value or imbalance. These are the kind conduct, conduct that is touchy to value and entitled conduct. The altruistic conduct incorporate the way that the workers are fulfilled when they are under-reward while they are contrasted and their collaborators. The value delicate incorporates that everybody ought to be accepted and they ought to be reasonably compensated. The entitled incorporates that the people accept that all that they get from the association they work is those things that their simply due (Cappelen et al. 2014). In this setting the error hypothesis ought to be viewed as a significant hypothesis that can be talked about. This incorporate the idea that is utilized to clarify a definitive wellspring of nervousness and despondency. This is experienced by the representatives when he can't satisfy his obligations and duties (Hardin and Donaldson 2014). In such cases he experiences the sentiment of uneasiness and he laments over the circumstance for not performing admirably. The sentiments of sadness comes soon after this. This hypothesis contains the way that the people will figure out how to take their obligations and duties. They as a rule feel down and out when they can't accomplish their expectations and their goals. In this the people figure out how to satisfy their commitments and their expectations. The people figure out how to satisfy their obligations and their duties and on the off chance that they can't do so they will be rebuffed. With the progression of time the obligations and the du ties become standards which can be utilized as an apparatus of self-direct. This hypothesis likewise clarifies that on the off chance that the accomplishment of the commitment is acquired then the prize can be recognition, endorsement or love. The people gain regard from this. The disappointment increments when the workers neglects to acquire regard, prizes and they are loaded up with the sentiment of discouragement and accordingly generally feel discouraged and consequently experience the ill effects of despondency (Dobrow et al. 2015). The other model of employment disappointment is the two-factor hypothesis. This is now and then known as the spark cleanliness hypothesis. This hypothesis was presented by Frederick Herzberg. This hypothesis incorporated the elements like fulfillment and inspiration in the working environment. As indicated by this hypothesis, the variables like fulfillment and disappointment are guided by various elements like inspiration and cleanliness factors. A worker requires consistent inspiration from his chiefs so as to perform well and to complete all the activity duties (Bakker and Demerouti 2014). Inspiration is typically observed as an internal power. Rousing variables are those that parts of the activity that make individuals need to perform. It builds the determination of the representatives to work. It improves the desire of the representatives to perform well in the association and to accomplish the objectives of the association. When the people achieve the hierarchical objective, the individual accomplishes fulfillment of employment. The other viewpoint that is remembered for the hypothesis is the factor of cleanliness. This incorporates the angles that are identified with the workplace. This generally incorporate the installment structure of the organization, the strategies of the organization and the practices that are received by the chiefs. (Argyris 2017) The last model incorporates the activity qualities model. This model was proposed by Hackman and Oldham. This model opines the way that there are sure fundamental attributes of the activity that are answerable for the activity fulfillment. Everybody isn't affected by this. The people who need to accomplish high targets and development require quality. They are profoundly influenced by the attributes of the activity. This requires the advancement of new abilities that are required for the activity (Serhan, Tsangari and Business 2015). While closing this can be referenced that there are numerous components that impact the alternative of employment fulfillment. These components incorporate the ecological elements which incorporates the factor of correspondence over-burden and underload. The other piece of this is the unrivaled subordinate correspondence. The individual factor is another main consideration of occupation fulfillment. This incorporates feeling, hereditary qualities just as character. The other factor that impacts the activity fulfillment is the mental prosperity of a person. Aside from this the associations with the individuals in the working spot and the reasonable ramifications of the equivalent has enormous effect on the factor of occupation fulfillment. Employment fulfillment influences the association as well as the associations. In the event that the laborers in an association is disappointed the association itself gets disappointed. It decline the pace of creation and hampers the nature of the w ork. Low occupation fulfillment can result to low resolve and the representatives show no devotion towards the organization. Accordingly, it is essential to have work fulfillment and to comprehend the variables that are identified with the equivalent. References Argyris, C., 2017. Coordinating the Individual and the Organization. Routledge. Bakker, A.B. furthermore, Demerouti, E., 2014. Occupation demandsresources hypothesis. Prosperity. Cappelen, A.W., Eichele, T., Hugdahl, K., Specht, K., Srensen, E.. furthermore, Tungodden, B., 2014. Value hypothesis and reasonable imbalance: a neuroeconomic study. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(43), pp.15368-15372. Dobrow Riza, S., Ganzach, Y. what's more, Liu, Y., 2015. Time and occupation fulfillment: A longitudinal investigation of the differential jobs old enough and residency. Diary of the executives, p.0149206315624962. Gabriel, A.S., Diefendorff, J.M., Chandler, M.M., Moran, C.M. what's more,

Technology and Social Media Communication Analysis Essay

Innovation and Social Media Communication Analysis - Essay Example Examination of Various Technologies and Social Media Communication Tools The origination of internet based life can be characterized as a powerful procedure of speaking with other. It is frequently seen to be a mode of social association. The different advances for correspondence incorporate TVs, PC frameworks alongside the vehicle of web and cell phones (The conditions of Queensland, 2006). Then again, the different apparatuses of internet based life involve distinctive online sites, for example, Twitter, YouTube, Flickr and Facebook among others (The International Association of Assessing Officers, 2009). Planned Purpose of Using Technologies and Social Media Communication Tools The significant motivation behind utilizing various advances and web based life specialized devices is to assemble viable correspondence with various clients in the network. The advancements and the distinctive online life apparatuses can be seen as viable business devices for a few associations by which th ey can advance their important items by a noteworthy level (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). . Quality One of the main qualities of utilizing different innovations and diverse web-based social networking instruments is that these perspectives have more noteworthy availability of fluctuated data. It has been obviously seen that the distinctive business association utilize the devices of web-based social networking for developing their image mindfulness, improving deals and above all accomplishing noteworthy serious situation over the central business showcase contenders. Subsequently, it very well may be expressed that the various devices identified with web-based social networking reinforces the money related reasonability of the associations (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). Shortcoming One of the main shortcomings of utilizing successful advancements and various instruments of online networking is time utilization. The instruments may set aside much effort to explore the necessary data identi fying with any topic (Brand Protect Inc., 2010). Moral Consideration as to the moral thought, the business organizations alongside the administration ought to stay a lot of cognizant about the abuse of various instruments of internet based life that may force ominous impacts upon the network (Eid, 2009). Existing Norms and Protocols One of the noteworthy standards of internet based life is keeping up the protection of getting to various data of the clients. The different business associations or the people ought to organize this significant social standard concerning security just as ensuring their individual profiles so as to share their data in a sorted out way (Talking Climate, 2012). Comparable to the social standards, it has been seen that one of the significant conventions of web-based social networking is enlistment. In this comparable setting, the business associations ought to follow the Code of Conduct identifying with social standards while performing business operational capacities. Besides, the enactments, for example, the ‘Data Protection Act 1998’, ‘Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000’ and ‘Telecommunications Regulations 2000’ can go about as huge conventions for online networking. These conventions identifying with web based life encourage researching and distinguishing the unapproved use of various media transmission frameworks, for example, web use. The business associations or any people are encouraged to follow the online life standards just as conventions so as to share

Explaining patterns and trends in health Essay

There are numerous approaches to gauge examples of sick wellbeing; these incorporate mortality, dreariness, wellbeing occasions, ailment frequency, malady commonness and wellbeing observation. These are; Morbidity Rates is what number of people experience the ill effects of the sickness at a given time. Death Rates is what number of people kick the bucket from experiencing the illness and wellbeing occasions people monitoring medical problems, for example, the NHS giving data about the fundamental concern. Illness occurrence is the opportunity of the individual being analyzed. Infection Prevalence is the means by which the extent of the populace is experiencing the ailment. Wellbeing Surveillance distinguishes early indications of sick wellbeing and approach to forestall and secure. There are numerous social gatherings which can impact an individual’s wellbeing and way of life both emphatically and contrarily. These are; Gender which is simply whether you are male or female. A ge which is the manner by which old an individual is the point at which the information is recorded. Social Class which isn't intended to in any case be around as we should live in a ridiculous society were the class of individuals doesn't make a difference. Hazard Behavior which is sure types of conduct which are demonstrated to be related with expanded powerlessness to a specific ailment of sick wellbeing. Ethnicity which is the condition of having a place with a specific social gathering that has a typical national or social convention. Territory which is the position or site of something. The orders of social classes are the five class plot Register Generals Social Class (RGSC) WHICH IS: I †Professional Occupational, II †Managerial and Technical Occupational, III †Skilled Occupational, Manual (M) and Non-Manual (N). IV †Partly â€skilled Occupational and V †Unskilled Occupational. NS-SEC represents the National Statistics Socio-Economic Classification which is: 1 †senior experts/ranking directors, 2 †Associate experts/Junior administrators, 3 †Other managerial and administrative laborers, 4-Own record non-expert and 5-Supervisors, specialists and related laborers. 6 †Intermediate specialists, 7-different laborers and 8 †never worked/other dormant. In 1980 the dark report was then distributed. It had been commissionedâ approximately 30 years after the establishing of the NHS and gave an editorial about how the UK had done in accommodating the wellbeing of its populace. The report inferred that there was a less fortunate wellbeing experience for the lower word related gatherings at all phases throughout everyday life. These were; Gender - Men and ladies in occupation class V had more than multiple times higher possibility of kicking the bucket before arriving at the retirement age than those in word related class I. †during childbirth and during the principal month of life the danger of death in groups of untalented laborers was twofold that of expert families. †Boys in class V had a ten times more noteworthy possibility of kicking the bucket from fire, falls or glaring than those in class I †The contrast between the soundness of men and lady showed that the danger of death for men in every social class was twice that for ladies. †Difference in the wellbeing encounters of various racial ethnic gatherings are additionally recognized. Age Health disparity exists in our general public and despite the fact that they influence various territories they are interlinked. Acheson (1998) said ‘health disparities influences the entire society and can be distinguished from baby to old age’ Locality From the dark report I can see that were you live can influence your odds for getting a sickness or illness. We find that demise rates for CHD for those conceived I the Indian sub-mainland were 38% higher for men and 45% higher for ladies than rates inside the UK. Social Groups The wellbeing hole among rich and poor in the UK has extended since 1980 and class is the fundamental center of disparities any place they are distinguished. They found that the logical proof backings a financial clarification of wellbeing imbalances which are brought about by elements, for example, pay, training, business, condition and way of life. The report made three key proposals to the administration. These are; †All strategies are probably going to affect wellbeing ought to be assessed as far as their effect on wellbeing imbalances. †A high need ought to be given to the strength of families with kids. †Further advances ought to be taken to decrease pay disparities and improve the expectations for everyday comforts of poor families. Dangers of Behavior Consistent passing rates in Europe have arrived at their absolute bottom in the whole history of human culture. The twentieth century has seen a sensational drop in the pace of irresistible infection, just as the presentation of treatments for its treatment. Regular reasons for death which have extraordinarily debilitated, for example, TB and diphtheria were frequently connected to destitution and material deprivation. Ethnicity One of the most significant elements of disparity in contemporary Britain is race. Outsiders to this nation from the purported new Commonwealth, whose ethnic personality is unmistakably obvious in the shade of their skin, are known to encounter more prominent trouble in looking for some kind of employment and satisfactory lodging. The various examples and patterns that I include discovered inside my own exploration about liquor related passings joins with maturing, Ethnicity, Risks of conduct, Locality, Gender and social gatherings. Sexual orientation and Aging Males matured 30 and over are altogether more probable than females to pass on of liquor related causes over 66% of all liquor related passings in the UK (in 2011 were among guys). Guys matured 30 and over were essentially almost certain than females o bite the dust from liquor related causes. For both genders, the quantity of alcohol0related passings expanded pointedly from the 25-multi year mature age gathering, expanding to 838 for guys and 411 for females matured 55 to 59. After this age, the quantity of liquor related passings started to diminish consistently for guys over each age bunch lessening to 92 for those over the age of 85. The decay across age bunches was increasingly continuous in females, dropping to 81 in the 85 and over age gathering. 45-49year elderly people men have kicked the bucket from liquor related demise by 32,000 yet from females it goes to 14,000. Territory Data for Scotland and Northern Ireland are distributed independently. Somewhere in the range of 2007 and 2010 male liquor related demise rates were fundamentally higher in ridges than in England. A multi year decrease in male passing rates in grains implies this distinction is not, at this point noteworthy. The table shows drinking propensities by district in 2012 show individuals over the age of 16 who expends liquor week by week, for example, in the north east individuals who drink up to 3-4 units are 46% contrasted with North West who drink up to 3-4 units are 42%. Social Groups The table shows savoring propensities pregnancy in 2012. Ladies who are pregnant have devoured liquor in the most recent week is 10% contrasted with ladies who are not pregnant and uncertain are 53%. Ethnicity This table shows drinking propensities by ethnicity in 2012 for individuals who have drank liquor inside the most recent week is 58% and the individuals who have drank liquor at least five events a week ago is 11%.

How To Write A Great Process Essay -

How does one know how to write a process essay? First, you must know what process means. For example, the simple task of frying an egg is a process, and so is making fireworks. Your sunny side-up breakfast and the colorful fireworks during holidays are products of these processes. From the name itself, a process essay teaches the reader something anything you can think of. It is composed of directions on how to get something done. The aim is to teach, make the reader learn, and in the end, make them say, Oh, now I see. Thats how they do it! For a clearer understanding of how to write a process essay, our example topic will be on how to enjoy outdoor camping.PreparationBraindump.Just write everything you think youll need when camping. These things dont necessarily have to be in correct order; but they have to be categorized. Just write until your mind cannot remember anymore. You may ask, why braindump? Thats because if you begin writing right away, chances are youll forget some thin gs. Now, here is an example result of your brain dump for that upcoming camping trip: Once you have squeezed out everything, your mind is now fresh and ready for the next step. Notice the categorization. While there are many other ways to enjoy camping, remember that this is just an example. Create an outline.Now that you have all the information, you must arrange them in order. This will determine your essays flow and tone. An outline will also be able to make you decide about the importance of things which should remain and which should be crossed out.The writing partWrite the introduction.The hook serves as the attention-grabber. Make sure that the readers attention is captured by the first two sentences. Then, the thesis statement should express to the reader the importance of the topic (in this case - why camping is enjoyable).The body.You will now write about steps 2,3,4,5. You simply have to explain them one by one and their importance and contribution to your thesis stateme nt. Make sure to connect them with smooth transitions. And when writing about them, remember to avoid using basic sequence format (first, second, third) because it will make your process essay sound like a list of instructions. A list is boring to read and does not hold the attention of the reader. Knowing how to write a process essay involves giving the reader that natural feeling so he stays interested. Remember, you intend to teach, and being informative doesnt necessarily mean you cant be creative.The conclusion.While the conclusion is the mere follow- up to the thesis statement, you may include some things that were not expressed earlier in the paper. In our example, since the thesis statement is about why camping is enjoyable, you may add that even if its just you and your friends, a 3-day camp is sure to strengthen your friendship and make you want to create new memories together.Proofread, edit, enhance.Since you have finished already, try to read it with emotion to know if it sounds interesting enough to the reader. You may enhance it to make it sound more interesting. You may tone down and revise if you wish to make it more understandable.Online essay writing service for studentsBrain dump - outline - write away. Sounds easy, doesnt it? Well, if you are finding it hard to answer the question even after having read and taken to heart the content of this post, we can attribute this to other factors. Could it be that essay writing is simply not your cup of tea? Or maybe youre exhausted from all the other academic writing tasks that you are overrun with? Writers block? Whatever it is, your reason is our reason to help you.Your decision to seek essay writing help makes total sense. However, be cautious because essay writing service companies are a dime a dozen nowadays. You would not want to risk your academic integrity for an academic help that provides you with a plagiarized second-hand essay. This is why is the best choice for essay help - because of the excellence, professionalism, and originality of our custom papers. Again, we cannot overstate this. If you feel like you need writing help, there is nothing wrong with that. You simply need to go to the most respected name in the ghostwriting service industry - . Send us a message for any concerns. Feel free to order once you are decided and let our work do the talking.

The Homestead Act APUSH Topics to Study for Test Day

Editorial credit: IgorGolovniov / Shutterstock.com The Homestead Act of 1862 was a federal law promoting westward expansion by allotting 160 acres of free public land to individual settlers. Homestead Act APUSH questions might relate to the motivations and consequences of westward expansion, as well as sociopolitical questions it raised. Heres what you need to know about this important land grant legislation for the AP U.S. History exam. What is the Homestead Act? The Homestead Act was passed in 1862. According to the act, settlers moving into the western territories could claim 160 acres of public land in exchange for a small filing fee. The settler also had to commit to living on the land for five continuous years. After this period of residency ended, the homesteader could claim private ownership of the land. Important year to note for the Homestead Act: 1862: The Homestead Act is passed. Why is the Homestead Act so important? The Homestead Act helped to speed up westward expansion in the United States. Several thousand claims were made by the end of the Civil War, and eventually 2 million homesteaders would help develop and cultivate the American West. The act made it possible for small farmers and freed slaves to pursue the American Dream. It was also a boon to the railroads as they expanded their lines into the western territories. The Homestead Act is also important for its controversy. Congress had tried to pass a homestead act for decades, but the measures were always blocked by Southern politicians. The South feared westward expansion, because it would likely tip the balance between free and slave states, thus diminishing the Souths economic and political power. The Homestead Act of 1862 was only passed after the southern states seceded from the Union. What are some historical people and events related to the Homestead Act? 1861: The South secedes from the Union, allowing the passage of the Homestead Act Abraham Lincoln: signed the act into law What example question about the Homestead Act might come up on the APUSH exam? When we consider the vast amount of excellent land lying immediately on and along the line of the Pacific Railroad, as well as the vast unsettled tracts in all Western Kansas, to not notice the land elsewhere, we cannot but feel that the passage of the Homestead Bill will form a new era in Western emigration. The field is now fully open to the honest and energetic farmer, who wishes to secure himself a home on easy terms. The Big Blue Union, 1862 (Source) A homestead act had long been championed by northern politicians because: A) speculators were claiming large tracts out west and bringing in slave labor to build large farms. B) the Pacific Railroad was foundering because of the limited settlement of the western territories. C) much of the land up for public federal grants was being illegally claimed by southern slaveholders. D) the spread of small farms into the western territories would limit the power of the slave economy. Answer: The correct answer is (D). It was rightly believed by both northern and southern politicians that westward expansion would encourage an influx of small, independent farmers into the western territories. These farmers were uninterested in (and incapable of instituting) slave labor. Thus, Republicans believed that by giving away free land to families, and encouraging those families to live on and cultivate public land, a homestead act would diminish slave power by stopping the spread of slavery and setting up competition for the southern agricultural economy.

Facts About Eating Disorders And Gender Socialization

Facts About Eating Disorders †¢ What is socialization? Socialization is a process in which we learn and internalize attitudes, values, beliefs, and norms of our culture and develop a sense of self. †¢ Gender Roles Gender Roles are complex clusters of ways males and females are expected to behave †¢ Gender roles Socialization Gender socialization is a process of learning social expectations and attitudes associated with one s sex. Gender socialization is explained with why human males and females behave in different ways and social roles (â€Å"Gender Socialization†, n.d.). - Eating Disorders: An eating disorder is an illness causing severe disturbances to one’s everyday diet. This can be eating extremely small amounts of food or simply overeating. A person with an eating disorder may start eating small or large amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat more or less is desired out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or body shape may also lead up to an eating disorder. The most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder (â€Å"Eating†, n.d.). - How prevalent are eating disorders: About One in 200 women in the United States suffers from anorexia. Two to three in 100 women in the United States suffer from bulimia. Approximately 1.1% - 4.2% of females suffer from bulimia nervosa in their entire lifetime. As many as 10% of college girls suffer from a clinical or nearly clinical eating disorder,Show MoreRelatedThe s Theory Of Moral Development897 Words   |  4 Pagesinto imaginary worlds. What about nonfiction material that merely demonstrates the reality individuals experience? Unlike other subjects that solely state the facts, Women’s Studies writers seek to captivate their audience with the relevance of their material. They understand that action is a product of relatable knowledge. 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Some common features of eating disorders include anRead MoreSocialization - Gender Messages in the Mass Media Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesSocialization - Gender Messages in the Mass Media How Images on Television/Movies reinforce society’s expectations of gender. The most powerful form of mass media that we enjoy in America is the television. What we see on our T.V.’s can have very deep and profound effects on our beliefs, our life-styles and our needs and behaviors. On most of T.V. women are portrayed as flawless, beautiful, hair of silk, skin like peaches and cream and God forbid if they can pinch an inch, whereasRead MoreEssay on Problems Associated with Gender Socialization in Society1637 Words   |  7 Pagesget hurt to not cry, as society expects boys to not cry. Boys are also taught not to show emotions in anyway and to not show anyone how they feel or to not give the correct answer if asked how they feel. Boys are taught that this is the masculine gender role, and since this is how boys are expected to act, then this is the only way boys should act. Apparently this is how boys become men. Girls on the other hand are taught many different behaviours. They are taught house keeping and how to cooperateRead MoreHow Gender Role Socialization Effects Girls More Specifically, Depending On The Teenage Girls Developmental Level1280 Words   |  6 Pagestrial and error. In the book Reviving Ophelia, clinical psychologist Dr. Mary Pi pher discusses the social and cultural pressures faced by today s adolescent girls based on her individual clients’ stories. This paper will examine how gender role socialization effects girls more specifically, depending on the teenage girls’ developmental level. Another crucial theme to be analyzed is the idea coined as lookism and the American culture, which according to the book is a determination of a womanRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On Society And Culture1629 Words   |  7 PagesHuman beings are social creatures and they learn to socialize with others so they can feel a part of society. Through socialization people try and conform to the standards that come with being functioning members of society and fitting to the status quo. Besides interacting with others, we learn about the culture we live in. Culture teaches people the norms, the values, and what to believe in. The last influence that associates both society and culture is the media. Media has made a huge impactRead MoreThe Internet and video games, which are closely related, are becoming very common activities among700 Words   |  3 Pageshelping on kitchen chores, and engaging in sports or outdoor games. These children can spend up to twelve hours without stoppage time of video gaming or browsing the internet for non-educational materials. Some children are even reported to having eating disorders or get sick if restricted from playing video games even an s single day. It is ironic that children with overweight bodies wake up to play or spend the whole night playing video games instead of jogging or do some exercises. The second mainRead MoreSocialization And Discrimination Of Gender Within Our Education System1738 Words   |  7 PagesOne may believe that being part of the same classroom with the same textbooks, desks and pencils that boys and girls receive the same exposure to education and what it may hold, right? The socialization and discrimination of gender within our education system assures that young women are made aware that they are unequal to their male peers. Every time a girl is oppressed in a setting where she has the right to feel comfortable and safe in, it not only shows the young girl how society views her but

Top-5 Loving Couples in World Literature

Love is one of the strongest human emotions, and it is only natural that it often becomes a centerpiece for a work of fiction. And it is just as natural for loving couples to become the image that remains in people’s memory long after they have forgotten most of the plot, supporting characters and details of the book they have read. So here is the set of 5 couples that, arguably, left the most prominent trail in world’s literature. Heathcliffe and Catherine, from Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights is memorable both in itself and because it is such an uncharacteristic a book for the age it was written. The only novel by Emily Bronte, it is nothing like the books written by her sisters and, in fact, anybody in the first half of the 19th century. And the relationship between Heathcliffe and Catherine is just like the rest of the book: it is dark, and painful, and a bit disturbing; certainly something everybody should read about. Romeo and Juliet, from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Even people who have never read a word of Shakespeare know about Romeo and Juliet and what these names imply. For centuries they have been a symbol of tragic love, blooming in spite of all adversity, but doomed from the very beginning. Dante and Beatrice, from the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri Beatrice remains behind the scenes for the majority of the book, but her presence is overpowering. If the very fact that it was a real person, and this real person was the reason for Alighieri’s masterpiece to be written isn’t enough to make it one of the greatest couples in history, it is hard to say what is. Othello and Desdemona, from Othello by William Shakespeare If there was one thing Shakespeare knew how to do, it was creating powerful images of loving and, preferably, doomed couples. Othello and Desdemona lead a blissful life of mutual love and understanding until jealousy gets better of Othello, who kills his wife, believing she has an affair, and then commits suicide on finding out he was wrong. Which is all the more tragic as it is caused by a petty and disgusting schemer Iago. Orpheus and Eurydice, from Greek Mythology It is funny, but almost all famou sliterary loving couples that immediately come to mind have either an impending doom or tortuous relationship underlying their love. There is something about tragic love that happy couples just can’t provide, and Orpheus and Eurydice show that this idea is older than feudalism. Orpheus, according to myth, was the most talented musician in the world who loved nothing more than his wife, Eurydice. When she dies he goes to the Underworld and moves Hades with his music so much that he agrees to let Eurydice follow

The Formula Of Capital By Karl Marx - 1042 Words

At this juncture in Capital, Karl Marx introduces a conceptual problem investigating whether the formula of capital reached its current description from a series of natural and inevitable phases in human history. Marx contends capital to be unnatural and its current state to ascend from human-made historical and social economic systems. Despite this, the Neoclassicals and Neoliberals of current mainstream economics trust that this formula for capital has been how humans operate and have always operated (w source?). Marx’s development into this definition serves to be historical and abstracted through the concrete measurements from the circulation of capital. Marx illuminates capital’s unnatural characterization via The General Formula of Capital (or the Self-Moving Substance that is Subject) to uncover precise complications and contradictions. As a result, Marx derives a solution engaging evidence clarifying this mode of circulation as historically specific to capital and cannot be explained as a natural product of human nature. From a historical analysis on the circulation of commodities, Marx challenges to inquire an issue behind capital’s unnatural behavior. He enlightens there is a logical and historic origin of capital with an imperative emphasis meticulously on the historical origin. Marx apprises the evident historic origins of capitalism by perceiving â€Å"However, we do not need to look back at the history of capital’s origins in order to recognize that money is itsShow MoreRelatedComparing and Contrasting Sociological Theorists Max Weber, Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx1599 Words   |  7 PagesEmile Durkheim, Karl Marx, and Max Weber are all important characters to be studied in the field of Sociology. Each one of these Sociological theorists, help in the separation of Sociology into its own field of study. The works of these three theorists is very complex and can be considered hard to understand but their intentions were not. They have their similarities along with just as many of their differences. The first theorist to consider is Karl Marx. Marx has a uniqueness all of his ownRead MoreKarl Marx History of Economic Thought1454 Words   |  6 Pages10-992-204 Professor Allgoewer Karl Marx: â€Å"A context for inevitable social revolution† Of particular interest in Rima’s summary and critique of Marx’s background and social/economic contributions is the quote: â€Å"It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousness.† Karl Marx, in reference to modes of production, which refers to the socialRead MoreKarl Marx And The Great Philosopher Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx was born in Trier, Prussia in 1818 to a Jewish family, but despite his baptism at age 6, he later became an atheist. Marx attended University of Bonn, but due to his imprisonment for drunkenness and variances with another student, he was enrolled in the University of Berlin by his parents. Marx earned his degree in philosophy and began writing for Rheinische Zeitung, a liberal democratic newspaper. He later became their editor. Marx was a member of Young Hegelian movement which was groupRead MoreMarx and Durkheim’s View on the Benefits and Dangers of Modern Capitalism1991 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Émile Durkheim (1858-1917) were sociologists who both existed throughout similar time periods of the 19th and early 20th centuries, resulting in both Marx, and Durkheim to be concerned about similar effects and impacts among society (Appelrouth and Edles: 20, 77). Marx’s main focus was on class distinctions among the bourgeoisie and proletariat, forces and relations of production, capital, surplus value, alienation, labour theory of value, exploitation and classRead MoreMarxist Philosophy Essay2226 Words   |  9 Pages Although there is a strong diverse controversy tied with the name of Karl Marx, he was concerned primarily with human freedom, stimulating the ancient concept of Communism, in which human beings might fulfill their cooperative roles within society, without the fear of exploitation. He saw the historical period of capitalism as the menacing antagonist of such freedom; menacing because unlike serfdom (the predecessor of capitalism in the evolution of social relations), capitalism enabled the illusionRead MoreThe Paradox of Capitalism2320 Words   |  10 Pagesexploitation of the poor by the strong and powerful. For the ruling class, it symbolizes a system where opportunities abound for those who are devoted, innovative, and work hard. Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim, prominent social theorists studied the division of labour in a capitalist economy and both of their views have merit. Marx, well renowned German philosopher was one of the first incredibly influential social activists in history. He fear that we live in a materially determined economy has come toRead MoreExploitation And Societal Reorganization Of Karl Marx And Mary Wollstonecraft1709 Words   |  7 PagesSabrina Gibson Honors Mosaics II Professor Smetona 09 November 2015 Exploitation and Societal Reorganization Karl Marx and Mary Wollstonecraft are both philosophers who have observed the relationships between ruling and ruled classes of people. In Marx’s text Capital he discusses how there must exist a bourgeois class that exploits a class of proletarians in order for capitalism to exist. Mary Wollstonecraft in her work A Vindication of the Rights of Woman argues that a patriarchal society inRead MoreSocialism And The Current System Of Capitalism1500 Words   |  6 Pagesalready in America and why it failed then for the same reason it would today. To fully understand what socialism is one must first know how and when it came about and finally what it actually means. The idea of socialism came from a man called Karl Marx. Marx was a 19th century philosopher who had close ties to several communistic groups. Throughout his writings he was trying to move away from the capitalist system and trying to make the workingmen the new ruling class (History.com, 2009). AccordingRead MoreEconomic Globlization1286 Words   |  6 Pagescharge whatever they see fit†. The reason for this is lack of competition in a capitalistic society. Karl Marx a social theorist of the 1800’s believed that the basis of social order in every society is the production of economic goods. â€Å"The concepts of what is produced, how it’s produced, and how it’s exchanged determines the differences in people’s wealth, power, and social status†. Marx argued that because human beings must organize their activities, in order to clothe, feed, and house themselvesRead MoreWorking Capital Concept And Definitions Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pages2-2 Working capital concept and definitions According to, the first formation of the concept of working capital was possibly first established by Karl Marx (Bhattacharya 2006). Working capital was defined as current assets minus current liabilities. In general, this definition is also identified as â€Å"networking capital†. are sometimes Current assets called as gross working capital. The current assets can be divided into four main elements: (1) cash (2) marketable securities (3) accounts receivable

Climate Change Is An Ever Presidenting Issue On Our Planet...

These days we hear a lot about climate change and how we need to combat it. There is a lot of research that show that climate change is an ever presidenting issue on our planet. More specifically, the research shows how it is currently effecting our weather, environment and the animals in these environments. Animals more importantly are living creatures that need to be treated with respect because humans have a moral responsibility to protect the space they share. Humans are moral agents and animals are moral patients, which means that we need to care for them like we are their doctor and they are our patients. Let’s take a look at some specific animals that are being affected by climate change like the polar bear, tigers, and coral and how humans are helping them. First NASA explains climate change as, â€Å" Climate change refers to a broad range of global phenomena created predominantly by burning fossil fuels, which add heat-trapping gases to Earth’s atmosphere. These phenomena include the increased temperature trends described by global warming, but also encompass changes such as sea level rise; ice mass loss in Greenland, Antarctica, the Arctic and mountain glaciers worldwide; shifts in flower/plant blooming; and extreme weather events†(What’s in a Name? Weather, Global Warming and Climate Change.). Some effects from climate change that affect these animals are temperatures are rising, change in rainfall patterns, droughts and heat waves, sea levels are rising,

Electronic Contracts Modernization

Question: Discuss about theElectronic Contractsfor Modernization. Answer: Introduction With the advent of modernization, contract by electronic means such as emails or online transaction have become very common. There are commercial in nature and form an agreement between the parties that is concluding and binding. Contract through emails have observed a recent judicial trend which indicate that it is necessary to maintain caution while dealing with negotiations that are made through the way of emails. Another aspect that is highlighted in the cases which involve contract through email are that the language to be used should be clear and decisive so that there is clear evidence of what is purported to be achieved by the person, whether he wishes to be bound by the contract or not.[1] The case of Vantage Systems[2] provide with the judicial trend which accepted the formation of electronic contract by the method of emails. It was held in the Stellard Pty Ltd Anor v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd[3] case that when the agreement has been concluded electronically between th e parties, a contract would only be a formality. Other than contract through emails there is also an emergence of business through activities which take place online. The impact that internet has had on the success of any business in the current time is huge. Thus, it is not possible to avoid it as in various transactions it has become a mode of conducting the business. The increase in e-commerce or electronic commerce is the main reason behind the increase in contracts which are electronically formed. It is essential to understand that only because the transaction takes place online does not mean that there would be any change that would be made in contract law.[4] An electronic contract requires fulfillment of all the essential requirement which is required to form a contract that is valid, which is that there should be an offer and acceptance, a consideration that is attached to to it and legal intention to form a relationship that is binding and the legal capacity of both the parties that are contracting.[5] There are three mai n categories under which the online transactions may be classified primarily, the being the browse wrap, click through agreement and shrink wrap. The different steps particular to each of these contract are required to be followed to complete the formation of the contract. It is however, an established fact that internet has become an important aspect in the transactions that take place on day to day basis. Keeping this fact in purview the Electronic Transactions Act 1999 (Cth.) has been enacted by the Commonwealth Parliament.[6] The purpose which this legislation aims to fulfill is that there is foundation which is laid down for a legislative framework that exists nationwide for the e-commerce transactions. The law of contract, despite this legislation would still be applicable on such contracts. Though electronic contracts have certain advantages however aspects such as certainty and reliability are missing as compared to physical contracts which are signed by actual persons contract.[7] It is thus important for the individual who is receiving an electronic to ensure that the individual who has sent such a message can be relied upon. The necessity of verification should not arise. Further, issues are there with respect to security as well and electronic contracts generate large amount of data which may be misused. It is indicated through the offer in a contract the willingness which the person has for the formation of the contract which is within the purview of specific conditions and terms. No restriction has been placed on the number of type of people to which such offer can be made by the offeror. It is upon the offeror to decide whether the offer is to be made to one person, group of people or to the world at larged. The display of goods on a website is not an offer but only an invitation to treat. This is similar to the display of products in any other store. An offer will commence only when there is an action by the customer which occurs only after the website has been visited by the customer, the seller is not the one who makes the offer seller.[8] Simply because the goods have been displayed on the website it does not form an offer, hence it is essential that a communication is made by the customer for purchasing the products. Once there has been communication of the offer for purchase is made within the website will there be an offer. It is then upon the vendor to either accept this offer without any conditions and unequivocally or reject it. A communication of the same needs to be made, once the offer has been accepted there would be a binding contract. The UNCITRAL adopted the Model Law on 12th June 1996 in its 650th meeting, this was in turn adopted by the General Assembly on December 16th 1996 in its 8th Plenary Meeting vide its 51/162 resolution.[9] The Modern Law recognizes under Article 11 electronic contract. It is stated under this article that unless it has been otherwise agreed, the offer and acceptance of a contract can be conveyed electronically. Where an electronic contract has been formed the enforceability or validity of the same is not to be denied on the basis that it was by electronic means that such conveyance had been done. In an environment where online transactions take place the offer can be made through various modes, it can be either through a website or through emails. There is an offer and an acceptance which is easily identifiable in all the agreements which are to form eventually a contract. There, however, might be situation where the differentiation is not possible between an acceptance and an offer. In circumstances like there is a possibility that identification is not a possibility with certainty to whom, the offer had been made by and to whom such an offer had been made to be accepted. Although if an agreement is there and the parties had reached to the conclusion of such agreement, it is presumed that such a contract is a valid contract. Thus in e-contracts where sometimes it is difficult to determine the offeror and offeree it is important that the intention of the parties should be made clear. The terms of the contract are also required to be properly defined. The case of Smith v. Hughes[10] which was a landmark common law case Blackburn J. had explained that whatever is the individuals real intention, if the conduct had been such by the person that it would lead any reasonable man to believe in the terms that were being proposed and the same is asserted to another party and the party based on the belief that such terms are true enters into the contract, it would be then held that the individual has led the other party to the contract believe that they would be bound by such terms. It would then be opined that such party who has led to the other party believe that he would be bound by such terms would be bound by the terms as if he had agreed to them. There is difference that exists between an invitation to treat and an offer which can be converted to a valid and binding contract. If there an invitation to treat, it is treat which is given to make an offer, the negotiations are opened once such an offer has been made. It is an invitation which is given to the parties so that they may be able to make responses for negotiations and bargaining, these are covered under an invitation to treat. An invitation to treat is nothing but an advertisement however, on the other had an offer is made with an intention of entering into a contract that is legally valid. An offer cannot be revoked once accepted, however, it is not so with an invitation to treat, an invitation to treat only invites an offer and then it is upon the individual to either accept or reject such an offer. It was stated in the case of Spencer v. Harding[11] that there cannot be an acceptance for an invitation to treat. When the advertisement is made for the sale of products the same principle would apply. In the case of Partridge v. Crittenden[12] Lord Parker had stated that it is only an invitation to treat which is intended by an advertisement and nothing more than that. Further, in the case of Pharmaceutical Society (GB) v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd[13] it had been opined by Somervell LJ that an arrangement which entails self-service is nothing but a convenience which is given to the people who are shopping to choose the products they want to buy, or substitute one product with another. It is not an offer that is made for purchasing the goods, the offer is made by the person who wants to buy when he takes the products to the cash counter, it is then upon the cashier to either accept or reject such an offer. When it comes to electronic contract the displays of goods on the website are nothing but an invitation to treat they should not be treated as an offer. It considered the a sellers presence online is nothing but an invitation to treat, it is not an offer which is being m ade, this is very similar to the principle that had been laid down in the Pharmaceutical Case.[14] Therefore, a mistake can be easily withdrawn by the seller online since this is not an offer but an invitation to treat. It is only an offer which cannot be revoked after the same has been accepted, however this is not the case with invitation to treat hence there would be no case that would lie against the online seller. The case of Argos Distributors where they had wrongly displayed the price of the television and there were several pieces that had been ordered across UK as well as Europe. However, the retailer refused to fulfill the orders and stated that the amount had been mentioned incorrectly on the television. Since the advertisement had been put up by the distributors of Argos it was considered to be only an advertisement and since advertisement was only an invitation to treat and not an offer the same could not be revoked. Therefore Argos Distributors could refuse to fulfill such orders. However, as had happened in the Kodak case, there may be a situation which arises that when the merchant the display of services and goods on the website it leads to there being an offer in a manner which lead to the contracts facilitation. The website of Argos was interactive in nature and there was no confirmation that had been sent to the consumers regarding the confirmation of the offer. With Kodak this was not the case, the offer had been accepted by them and hence the could not revoke it.[15] The main issue that arises with stores online is that unlike the traditional stores which are there the transaction online commence automatically. Hence, the merchant does not get the chance to rectify the mistake making the likelihood of there being a mistake higher. It is usually at the time when the order has been shipped that the mistake is obvious therefore being after the point when the contract has already been performed. It is however when it is directly with the vendor offline when the transaction the mistake is detected at the time of the check most of the times thus making it much simpler to rectify the same.[16] It has been discussed and deliberated in various decisions of the courts and literatures that is available and is also indicated by the legislations that are there that contract formation through electronic means still face various issues. There are various legal uncertainties that are attached to it. These include uncertainties with respect to where the contract has been formed or the precise time at which the formation of contract has taken place.[17] There are other issues as well which arise with respect to electronic contracts, for examples guarantees that are electronic, if there is a statutory requirement that states that the guarantee has to be written or signed specifically by the person concerned what would then be the status of such electronic guarantee. Though it has been stated in the case of Parker v Clark[18] that an email note would be considered as a document that has been written personally by the person himself. However, this principle itself is not without vices. References Argy, P, N Martin and M.S. Jaques, "The Effective Formation Of Contracts By Electronic Means" [2001]New South Wales Society for Computers and the Law Journal Carter, J. W,Contract Law I(LexisNexis Butterworths, 2015) Carter, J. W,Contract Law II(LexisNexis Butterworths, 2015) Cheshire, G. C et al,Cheshire, Fifoot, And Furmston's Law Of Contract(Butterworths/LexisNexis, 2001) Daskalopulu, A., Maibaum, T. (2001). Towards electronic contract performance. In Database and Expert Systems Applications, 2001. Proceedings. 12th International Workshop on (pp. 771-777). IEEE. E-Commerce(Continuing Professional Education Dept. of the College of Law, 2000) E-Commerce(CLE Dept of College of Law, 2000) Hultmark, Christina,Internet Marketplaces(Oxford University Press, 2002) Syed, Mahbubur Rahman and Mahesh S Raisinghani,Electronic Commerce(Idea Group Pub., 2000) UNCITRAL Model Law On Electronic Commerce, With Guide To Enactment, 1996(United Nations, 1997) Wang, Faye Fangfei,Law Of Electronic Commercial Transactions(Routledge, 2010) Parker v Clark[1960] 1 WLR 286 Partridge v Crittenden[1968] 1 WLR 1204 Pharmaceutical Society (GB) v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd[1953] EWCA Civ 6 Smith v Hughes[1871] LR 6 QB 597 Spencer v Harding[1870] LR 5 CP 561 Stellard Pty Ltd v North Queensland Fuel Pty Ltd[2015] QSC 119 Vantage Systems Pty Ltd v Priolo Corporation Pty Ltd[2015] WASCA 21 Electronic Signatures(2016) Austlii.edu.au https://austlii.edu.au/~alan/electronic-signatures.html

Captains decision Essay Example For Students

Captains decision Essay During the movie Billy Budd, the captain of the ship had a hard decision over Billys situation. As Billy killed the master in arms due that he couldnt control himself, the law of the ship stipulated that he would be hanged. Later there is a huge discussion between the leaders of the ship where some of them argue to follow the rules, whereas other belief to do an exception. At the end the one in charge of the decision was the captain, who chose to hang Billy. In this essay, I would take the role of the captain over Billys case and state in which law I will base my decision. After looking carefully to Billys case, I would chose to free Billy from the punishment that he had been subjected. Even if the ships law stipulated clearly that anyone who killed another crew member would be hanged, no matters what is the situation, I will still chose to free Billy. I would take this decision based on the utilitarianism law. Even though if we compared to this law Billys hanging would be seen as the right option. Although I belief that each case had a situation which can vary the result. Therefore I would tilt to free Billy; due that I know his situation and I think would be unfair to kill him. On the other hand, Billys situation is more delicate and inflexible if we base our decision in the universal law rather than utilitarianism law. From this rule it can be said that if we let this sailor kill a general with no hanging, as the rule stipulated. Then I would not want to live in a world where any sailor can kill his superiors. Hence the best option would be to hang Billy in order to avoid this world where any sailor can kill any general and risk my life as the captain of this ship. During the story it can be seen how does Billy is a nice man who is sincere and good worker. The captain had a very good image from Billy; to the point that he is doubtless about hanging or not Billy. In the scene where Billy kills the major in arms, it can be seen how does he punches in his face. Although what killed the major was when he hits his head with the ground, so it can been seen that isnt a purpose death. Hence, the conditions of Billys case are very delicate to sentence to hang him. Although from this scene it can be seen how Billys does punches the major in arms directly to his face. After we look from the universal law, the captain must end this action and dont let other sailor to do the same actions that Billy just did. Then it can be consider that Billy did kill purpose, due that he punches the major in arms even if it wasnt self-defense. Therefore the captain might not consider any exterior conditions of this action and chose to hang Billy in order to avoid any major problem within the ship. Ethics is a very complex issue that is hard to interpret, even more when we have to judge if an action is right or wrong. From this particular movie it can be seen how does Billys case is highly discussed, although at the end the captain is the one who chose. The captain from the movie decided to hang Billy, due that he base his thought in the universal law in order to avoid major problems. Whereas me as the captain I would consider the situation of the action and base my decision in utilitarianism law, where I would end to free Billy. I would be more flexible due that the universal rule is to general, where in some cases it can been found unfair because not always the situation is the same.

Speech fear of the unknown free essay sample

When we were young, how many of us were afraid of monsters? Many of us, if not all, were once afraid of the monsters that were hiding in our closets, under our beds, or waiting in the attic. Maybe many of us still are. Parents would sometimes use this fear to their advantages. They would make us clean our rooms or do our homework, but If we did not, they tell us that the boogieman would come find us at night. The fear of the unknown is an excellent weapon to be used to gain ultimate power over others; many of us have experienced It, or even used It.In the Webster dictionary, It states that xenophobia Is the fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners. This fear and hatred acts as a weapon because people tend to fear what they do not understand or know. They try to Ignore the problem and think It will go away. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech: fear of the unknown or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the early 19005, many Canadians were xenophobic. They placed a head tax over the Chinese and let only a certain amount of them come Into Canada each year. They were afraid that the Chinese would take over their culture. However, as years passed, Canadians have come to understand different cultures and religions, and accepted people for who they were.Fear is experienced by everyone on a daily basis. Some people may fear getting to school late because of traffic, doing something wrong at work and getting in trouble with their boss, or some even getting in trouble with their wives. Hopefully no one here has had to experience with that yet. However, in places like Africa or the countries of the middle-east, people there experience a different kind of fear. A primal fear for their own survival; at any minute their lives could end, terminated suddenly without warning or notice. This fear they are experiencing is of the future.What happens now can be very different from what happens tomorrow. Soldiers in general, are controlled by this fear to fight. They fight to live for the next day and the day after. Everyone has experienced fear. Even as a child, fear was part of our daily lives. It Is always part of us and we can never control it. The fear of the unknown can be used as weapon to gain ultimate power over others. This is used in the cases of xenophobia and war. A great man by the name of Franklin Roosevelt once said, The only thing we have to fear is fear Itself.Speech: fear of the unknown By ran UT if we did not, they tell us that the boogieman would come find us at night. The others; many of us have experienced it, or even used it. In the Webster dictionary, it states that xenophobia is the fear and hatred of to fear what they do not understand or know. They try to ignore the problem and think it will go away. In the early asses, many Canadians were xenophobic. They placed a head tax over the Chinese and let only a certain amount of them come into Everyone has experienced fear. Even as a child, fear was part of our daily lives. It is only thing we have to fear is fear itself.

How to Write a Nova Southeast Sample Essay

How to Write a Nova Southeast Sample EssayA Nova Southeast Sample Essay requires writing a group of essays which will focus on the area around Seattle. It should serve as a lesson in what the area has to offer. The lesson can also be used as a test to see if a student really has learned what to expect from the area.Sure, that might sound silly, but it's true. With all the children coming to school who are of child of immigrants, it's important to teach them about this topic. And since many of the kids in the neighborhood are of Spanish descent, it's especially important to teach them the true meaning of Hispanic.The assignment for the Nova Southeast sample essay involves students writing three essays. One about their hometown. Another about the current trends in the area. The third can be about anything that interests them.Perhaps you could set the location up like it is in a small-town life. Say that the students live in a town that's full of small shops, local businesses, and homes for sale. It can be set in a home that is being listed for sale in a real estate magazine.You could even come up with another theme for the course, such as a Southwest or Mountain theme. Then, you'll need to write a lesson on the different states in that region. Then, you can send out the assignments to various schools in the neighborhood.Not only do you need to remember where everything is in the area, but you must also put in the location of one or more attractions in the area. Why not? The students are going to have to explore the different attractions that the neighborhood has to offer.You might even choose to use a few photographs or movies to help create the Nova Southeast Sample Essay. Some pictures will serve as screen shots to help the students know what the area looks like.Of course, there's no guarantee that this Nova Southeast Sample Essay can be used as a model for any other sample essay. But, there's something good that comes from learning from the past.

Eozostrodon - Facts and Figures

Eozostrodon - Facts and Figures Name: Eozostrodon (Greek for early girdle tooth); pronounced EE-oh-ZO-struh-don Habitat: Woodlands of Western Europe Historical Period: Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (210-190 million years ago) Size and Weight: About five inches long and a few ounces Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, sleek body; short legs    About Eozostrodon If Eozostrodon was a true Mesozoic mammaland thats still a matter of some debatethen it was one of the earliest to have evolved from the therapsids (mammal-like reptiles) of the earlier Triassic period. This tiny beast was distinguished by its complex, three-cusped molars, its relatively large eyes (which indicate that it may have hunted at night) and its weasel-like body; like all early mammals, it probably lived high up in trees, so as not to get squashed by the larger dinosaurs of its European habitat. Its still unclear whether Eozostrodon laid eggs and suckled its young when they hatched, like a modern platypus, or gave birth to live babies.

Modernist Art - A New Approach in Theatre Essay

Modernist Art - A New Approach in Theatre - Essay Example The essay "Modernist Art - A New Approach in Theatre" focuses on modern era and art. Modernity can be understood as a conceptual framework of individual expression at the same time that it can be considered a reflection of society as a whole. This suggests that it is comprised of intellectual ideas as well as by the development of new processes, techniques and materials. Modernity has been described as the â€Å"dialectical relationship ... which modernism consciously or unconsciously, directly or indirectly, positively or negatively reflects the effects of capitalist development.† The modernist ideology is thus revealed to have a number of different contexts bound together and interacting with our social understandings contributing to our intuitive and overt sense and understanding of the world around us. With the arrival of modernism, the realism and humanism of earlier periods melts away as performing artists focus more upon style, technique and spatial form in an attempt t o find a deeper expression of human experience, such as is seen in the ‘radical theatre’ approach taken by Peter Brook. The use of the word ‘radical’ in modern is deliberate when it comes to Brook’s theater. The Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary defines the adjective as â€Å"believing or expressing the belief that there should be great or extreme social or political change† and the noun in terms of â€Å"a person who supports great social and political change.† Toni Sant claims â€Å"radical theatre aims to make extreme changes...".

Implementing an Environmental Management System Essay

Implementing an Environmental Management System - Essay Example The process that is going to be described in this paper on how to create an EMS and implement the system is based on the recommended EPA processes and guidelines. The four-phase EMS implementation process has the following four steps: getting ready, plan, do, check & act (Peercenter, 2009). In the first phase of the process, the manager has to recognize that each company has unique needs and the system must be tailored made to cover those needs. The objectives, challenges, and potential benefits must be established. The company also has to establish the reasons for implementing the EMS. The reasons may vary but include: improving public image, reduce environmental pollution, and business politics among others. During the first face, the company has to select the activities or operations where the EMS will apply. The activities and operations selected have to be reasonable as far as the system is able to manage the tasks needed to achieve environmental improvements. The cost of opport unity cannot exceed the benefits achieved from implementing the system. The company has to create a new job position for an employee to be the official EMS representative that coordinates the efforts of the system. The EMS representative has to select a core team of employees for the project and he must also choose and implementation team. The first step of phase II is designing an environmental footprint which is basically the environmental aspects the EMS impacts. Reduced energy consumption and lower CO2 emissions are two examples of environmental aspects. The second step is to identify the hot spot areas of each aspect within the organization. The hot spots must meet the significant criteria the EMS core team established.  

Describe how Arthur Miller creates Essay Example for Free

Describe how Arthur Miller creates Essay Describe how Arthur Miller creates an exciting climax for both acts of A View from the Bridge' A View from the Bridge by Arthur Miller, is a play about obsession and betrayal. The main character, Eddie Carbone, becomes overprotective over his niece, Catherine, to the degree of infatuation. This obsession helps to cause the break down of Eddies marriage, as his wife, Beatrice realises the alarming nature of Eddies fixation. Eddies feelings for Catherine existed before Beatrices cousins, Marco and Rodolfo came, but their arrival intensifies the situation, as Eddie becomes more and more jealous of Rodolfo, and of Catherines love for him. This play is a tragedy and, like most tragedies, it is serious and ends with the death of the main character, Eddie. Eddie dies after betraying his wifes cousins to the immigration bureau. As a result, Marco, who is filled with hatred and in need of justice, stabs him. Arthur Miller was a New Yorker who worked on the Brooklyn docks, for a time. His experience of the docks and of the people around them, led him to write this play, which is set there. During this coursework, my aim is to study the ends of the two acts in depth to see what techniques Miller uses to make them dramatically effective. The last scene of act one (from page 39 when Catherine puts paper doll on the phonograph) portrays at first is one of a reasonably happy home but Arthur miller uses a combination of significant action and verbal nuances to show depth of characters and character emotions. The basic events of the scene are Rodolfo and Catherine dancing, Eddie showing Rodolfo how to box, and then Marco, challenging Eddie to lift a chair. These are three main parts of this last scene, which demonstrate symbolic changes in the character relationships, the first two build up to the final conflict between Marco and Eddie, which sets the tone for the second act. The first important section of the scene is the dancing between Rodolfo and Catherine. We see in this scene that Rodolfo feels uncomfortable because of Eddie he Stiffly rises, feeling Eddies eyes on his back this shows that Rodolfo may realise how Eddie feels towards his niece, Rodolfo doesnt want to upset him, we see the way Eddie feels about the dancing in the stage direction EDDIE turns his head away. These few simple actions are very important to the play, they show Eddies feelings and the start or progression of the hatred Eddie feels towards Rodolfo and show a subtle conflict between Eddie and his niece. During we find out about a number of things in more depth, for example our understanding of the plays characters changes considerably. We find that Marco disapproves of the way Eddie is treating Rodolfo, this is quite a surprise since we, as an audience do not expect Marco who has previously been shy and quiet to make such a blatant challenge as he does in this scene. Twists and surprises in a plot tend to create suspense and tension so this is a very effective technique to use. The action in this scene Marcos action of holding up a chair triumphantly in front of Eddie is an interesting and significant action because the chair seems to be a symbolic weapon. Marco is threatening Eddie with it, this is analogous to the way he actually uses a weapon to kill Eddie in the final scene of the play. The way that Arthur Miller uses such an imposing action as lifting a chair above head height to make a defined, pointed change in Marco is effective because it is dramatic and startling in the way that it breaks from the tone of the rest of the scene. Although powerful and startling the action of lifting the chair is also subtle in that it states without using words, just how Marco feels and sets out his warning, it is succinct which is part of what makes it effective. I do not believe words would have worked as well at portraying the overall feelings, not just of Marco but also of the other characters. This is a major way that Arthur Miller creates an overall atmosphere. He uses actions that involve the audience reactions and opinions of all the characters and the aids the creation of a climax. Emotions of the audience towards characters are mixed. They may feel happy for Catherine and Rodolfo in that they have found each other and seem so happy. Some may speculate, however, about that, this relationships days are numbered due to Eddies obviously hostile feelings towards Rodolfo. They may also feel anxious as to how the conflict that has arisen between Marco and Eddie will be resolved. This emotional uncertainty is exciting and leaves the audience thinking because of the culmination of events. This last scene in act one is used very effectively by Arthur Miller to sow the seeds of events which are going to happen in the 2nd act of the play. It is only at this point in the play that we get true insight into the feelings of Marco, his stubbornness, his need to prove himself and his brother, which turn out at the end of the play to be fatally strong. It is also only now that we see any dislike of Marco from Eddie, it is this dislike and need for apology that causes the end scene to happen in such a tragic manner. The Characters in this scene are very interesting to observe on their own but it is also interesting to see how Arthur Miller has contrasted the actions of his characters in this scene. One such contrast is that between Marco and Eddie. Eddie uses Aggressive action, such as boxing to make his point whereas Marcos subtle challenge with the chair is, non-aggressive but still makes the intended point. These contrasts between the two mens actions are very interesting and are very effective in demonstrating the differences between their personalities; this makes it even more interesting at the very ending of the play how Marco has changed into a person willing to be violent to get revenge. This final scene leaves many questions unanswered. The conflicts between the characters in this scene could lead the audience to speculate as to how things will develop in the next act but although this scene gives the audience, some idea of how things turn out it does not tell them everything. They may ask themselves what is going to happen to Catherine and Rodolfos relationship since it seems plain that Eddie dislikes Rodolfo and disapproves of his relationship with his niece. And they may wonder about Beatrice and Eddies marriage since it appears to be weakening there is no way, however that at this point the audience realise the ending, they are left in suspense. This means that the ending of this act is all the more of a climax; the audience are left teetering on the edge of knowing more but are left to ruminate till the second act. That in itself is enough to explain the way Miller creates of a climax here. The situations that develop in this play would be difficult for anyone to deal with. Eddie finds the situation that he is in especially difficult and consequently he is seriously affected by it. In this play Eddie goes from being a popular man, respected in the community to being a man willing to betray his own family and, in the final scene one prepared to kill. Eddie started by just being over protective of Catherine, which developed into jealousy of Rodolfo because Catherine loved him and this, in turn developed into passionate hatred of both Marco and Rodolfo. Eddie hardly understands what he himself is feeling at the end of the play. These emotional changes are central to Arthur millers play since they help to cause the chain of events leading up to the final tragic end and are very important in creating interest and drama in the play. This is especially significant at the ends of the acts and creates a charged atmosphere. The changes in Eddie during the play also have consequences on the people around him, especially on Beatrice. Eddie spends less and less time throughout the play with Beatrice socially and more importantly, he spends less time with her intimately. There is evidence in other scenes that the sexual part of the Carbones marriage has already collapsed but that Beatrice desperately wants to save the marriage by sitting down and sorting things out.

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power :: Linguistics politics

The Language of Gender, Race, and Class Sustains Power Born into the world, Homo Sapiens inherit a mythology through language and ideas justifying their place in that world. Mythology is an invisible mental world that supports the physical world. Language may be an apparatus for surviving experience, but it only gives the individual mental analogies of reality. Language is not value free; language has political power implications inherited from its popular mythology. These political power implications are most accentuated in a society by race, class, and gender archetypes. Though gender shares no apparent attributes with race and class, in mythological terms the archetypes are interrelated. Gender, race, and class archetypes are inherited mythological terms that define an individual?s political relationships. Political relationships are the masterminds initiating the slave minds into operation. Mythology changes the apparent binary master slave relationship into the three different paradigms of gender, race, and class, each archetype having peculiar identifiers for the master slave relationship in the popular American Mythology. A philosopher should examine the language of master slave relationship archetypes, the effects of this language on mythology, and describe how these archetypes effect society, to ascertain why gender is interrelated with race and class. ?In the beginning (arche: beginning, power, rule) was the word (logos: word, speech, story, argument, reasoning).? John 1:1 Language (logos) has constructed a reality based on master slave relationship. In American Mythology the use of the word ?God? signifies a male creator. In this ontology, the female is considered temporal and emotional, and the male is considered divine and rational. Color takes the similar value system, dark is night and is irrational, light is day and rational. Property is a realm of God, more property cumulated, more power of God the individual possesses. In a world that bases power on technology, reason becomes power transferred into property, which survives the individual existence. Language articulates an inherited patriarchal and racial hierarchy based on sex and skin color, with light skin mastering dark skin in social relations, just as an individual masters property or God masters the earth. Hence, the language that builds mythology justifies the master slave relationship.

Economics Health Care Essay

Many skilled nursing facilities have used a modified functional nursing structure, with a registered nurse leading in care planning and supervision, a licensed vocational nurse giving medication and some treatments, and nursing assistants performing hygienic and activities-of-daily-living tasks. With a new emphasis on rehabilitation of their changing and ever more acutely client population, they have developed new roles for the nursing assistants. One such role is that of the restorative aide. These individuals receive additional supervision and training related to range of motion, transfers, and other activities and may work in team with physical and occupational therapists. In some states, nursing assistants in long-term care or residential facilities receive additional training to administer oral medications under the supervision of a registered nurse, who evaluates the medication regimen and determines whether the medications should be administered as planned. This function is carefully regulated. Conversations with state board of nursing officials in several states reveal that this practice has been quite effective to date and reflects a trend. Some extended facilities that use many nursing assistants have developed the role of team leaded. These experienced, skilled assistants have exhibited additional leadership potential and are able to help the registered nurse train, mentor and evaluate the tasks completed by orientees. Since this group of assistants often exhibits a fair amount of turnover, the creation of this position has also become a means to develop and recognize highly competent, tenured employees (Hansten, 2004). Recent Labor Market Conditions Shifts or changes in the supply and demand for the labor of any occupational or professional group can have a significant impact on both the short-term employment opportunities and long-term career paths of workers over time. A general level, when the supply of new entrants (measured in actual numbers of graduates and numbers of new licenses or registrations) is maintained at moderate levels while labor demand is high, workers who meet the skill requirements of employers can reap substantial benefits. In such labor market situations, unemployment will be low, and workers will be in a strong position to demand higher levels of compensation and benefits of all forms. Conversely, when the demand for labor is reduced, due to economic downturn, system restructuring, or other factors, while the labor pool or supply continues to grow or remain stable, severe problems of unemployment and underemployment can develop. As with any other professional or occupational group, the nursing profession has been affected by significant changes in the supply and demand forces in the labor market. In particular, the nursing profession has been vulnerable to the dramatic shifts in demand for nursing personnel in the recent years (Hiscott, 1998). Nursing Assistants in the Heath Care Team While the job of nursing aide has existed almost since the beginning of the modern hospital, the position is becoming more formalized as a certified part of the health care hierarchy. This formalization is co-emergent with the growth of nursing homes, which already account for the majority of jobs in this rapidly growing field. Currently, nearly 1. 5 million nursing assistants work in the United States, and the Occupational Outlook Handbooks (1980-81) predicts 94,000 annual openings at least through the next decade, almost all of which will be in nursing homes. One trend in this development is the requirements for certification prior to work. In order to do this work, one must first be certified through a state approved training program as a certified nursing assistant (a title now replaces nursing aides). In classified newspaper columns throughout the country, there are advertisements for vocational schools that offer such training. The schools get many applicants, mostly poor women, who are attracted to the relatively good prospects for employment, the caring-oriented duties of the job, and the possibility – however remote – of moving in the ranks of the nursing profession. Unless one is formally trained in nursing (many foreign-trained nurses work as nurses aides), this certification procedure is required (Abel & Nelson, 1990). Long-Term Care There are currently 12 million people living in long-term care facilities in the United States, and the demand for such care is increasing. The $96.2 billion a year nursing home industry, providing long-term care for people who need medical as well as personal assistance, is expanding particularly rapidly, in part because the population is aging and in part because hospitals increasingly are discharging patients before they can care for themselves at home. But the ranks of nurse aides- most of them women, often immigrant or minority women, who typically provide some 80 to 90 percent of the direct care in these facilities – are thinning. More than forty states report critical shortages of nurse aides and other paraprofessional nursing-home workers. One major reason is money. The average starting wage for nurse aides in nursing homes is $6. 70 per hour, yielding an annual income of $14,000 for full-time workers, most often without benefits. The average wage for all nurse aides working in nursing homes is $10. 12, suggesting relatively small increases for seniority. A study of job leavers by the National Network for Career Nursing Assistants found that even those who like their work often leave because they cannot support their families on these wages. Exact rates of staff turnover at nursing homes are difficult to determine because method of calculation differ, but most sources place the annual rate for certified nurse assistants (CNAs) at between 80 and 100 percent. Such high rates of turnover, combined with cost cutting, mean that most nursing homes are understaffed most of the time. A recently released report of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services found that more than 90 percent of the nation’s nursing homes are seriously understaffed. Indeed, the total amount of direct care given per resident per day in nursing homes averages only 3. 2 hours, well below the recommendations of professional organizations. And time studies conducted by the National Network of Career Nursing Assistants show that in an eight-hour shift it is impossible for CNAs to perform their five main responsibilities – bathing, feeding, toileting, dressing and walking patients – for caseload of twenty patients, not an uncommon assignment (Fitzgerald, 2006). Major Factors Influencing Health Care A range of influences, both external and internal, are greatly affecting the future of the profession for both pharmacists and technicians. External influences such as structural change in the health care economy, the growth of managed care, changes in health care financing, telecommunication and automated technologies, and breakthroughs in drug research and biotechnology are only a few of the forces that will undoubtedly shape the environment of pharmacy practice. Research into the molecular basis of disease and its treatment, multiple disease morbidity and chronicity in an aging population, and the critical nature of interdisciplinary health care relationships and collaboration will impose major challenges that will change our sense of purpose as professionals. Another influence on the profession may well be the heightened expectations of an increasingly informed and demanding public. Many of these external influences may be beyond our control. On the other hand, certain factors may have even more influence over our destiny. These factors include internal forces such as competency expectations and assessments, continuous education, training and retraining, the differentiated nature of pharmacy practice and growth of specialization, and the achievement of the mission and vision of pharmaceutical care (Durgin & Hanan, 1999). Economic Influences A wide array of economic and market influences continue to shape the direction and nature of the health care delivery sector. Market – driven Reforms Glacial yet profoundly fundamental changes have been occurring in health care since the mid-1980s. The Executive Summary of Third Report of the Pew Health Professions Commission poignantly describes the fact that, since 1990, the financial, organizational, and legal framework of American health care has been undergoing a transformation to systems of integrated care combining primary, specialty, and hospital services. The failure of the federal government and political system to successfully enact comprehensive health care reform legislation has given way to de fact of market-driven reforms energized by consumer and employer demands for more services and more intense technology. This problem is further compounded by a growing market trend of health care payers (public and private) refusing to pay the true and full economic costs of health care. Cost Containment A continuing focus on cost containment in health care delivery has led to a fiercely competitive marketplace. In some instances, the vision of success through providing care at the lowest possible cost may well be outpacing the quest for quality outcomes in health care. The continued market penetration of managed care and consolidation and integration of health care provider systems may well result in a survival of the fittest scenario in which only those systems that can produce the expected stakeholder results will survive. Public Demand for Health Care Services Heightened public demand for a broader and improved spectrum of health care continues unabatedly as a result of availability of consumer-focused education and the virtually instantaneous world of information access through telecommunications and the personal computer. As more information about health-related issues, breakthroughs in science and technology, and disease treatment advance, public demand spirals upward. Although health care’s future will ultimately be defined by public expectations, it will at the same time mandate the health care providers continually and systematically assess, ensure, and improve the quality and effectiveness of services provided. Hospital Reorganization The 1990s have ushered in a frenetic pace of price-driven competition among hospitals for the business of third-party payers, managed care organizations, and large employers for the services of physicians, and other hospital services. Hospitals must now compete on the basis of providing levels of care and services at predetermined prices. Financial risk continues to be shifted providers of health care as opposed to those that pay for such care. Much of this shift is a result of the growth of managed care and its impact on exposing excess hospital capacity. As a result of such trends, some hospitals that have not planned effectively or failed to recognize impending change have been forced to close. Hospital closures and consolidations are expected to continue into the next century. Unquestionably, the successful evolution of integrated health care will be determined economically. Yet, the health care industry must not lose sight of its mission to satisfy the needs of patients in the process. The interests of cost and profit cannot be allowed to supersede optimal patient outcomes. In the final analysis, demand for health care services will be satisfied at the price its consumers are willing to pay. Nursing assistants in this case, must market themselves to remain a part of such demand structure and ultimately demonstrate their roles in optimizing patient care outcomes and value (Abel & Nelson, 1990; Durgin & Hanan, 1999). The Future For nursing aides, the employment forecast is excellent. Four hundred thousand new jobs for nursing should open up in the next 5 years, according to the US Department of Labor, which ranks nursing aides as the tenth fastest growing occupation requiring a high school diploma or less in the coming decade. Salaries should increase as well. Many of the reasons for this growth are the same as those that are spurring demand for more home care aides and many other types of direct caregivers; our population is growing, it is growing older, and long-term care facilities and programs for the chronically ill are expanding. Specifically, employment opportunities for nursing aides should increase in nursing homes and other long-term care facilities and decrease in general hospitals which, increasingly, are focusing only on the seriously ill who require high-technology medical care (Swanson, 2000).